Flow Lines and Algebraic Invariants in Contact Form Geometry

CICLing 2001 is the second annual Conference on Intelligent text processing and Computational Linguistics (hence the name CICLing), see www.CICLing.org. It is intended to provide a balanced view of the cutting edge developments in both theoretical foundations of computational linguistics and practice of natural language text processing with its numerous applications. A feature of the CICLing conferences is their wide scope that covers nearly all areas of computational linguistics and all aspects of natural language processing applications. The conference is a forum for dialogue between the specialists working in these two areas. This year our invited speakers were Graeme Hirst (U. Toronto, Canada), Sylvain Kahane (U. Paris 7, France), and Ruslan Mitkov (U. Wolverhampton, UK). They delivered excellent extended lectures and organized vivid discussions. A total of 72 submissions were received, all but very few of surprisingly high quality. After careful reviewing, the Program Committee selected for presentation 53 of them, 41 as full papers and 12 as short papers, by 98 authors from 19 countries: Spain (19 authors), Japan (15), USA (12), France, Mexico (9 each), Sweden (6), Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Malaysia, Russia, United Arab Emirates (3 each), Argentina (2), Bulgaria, The Netherlands, Ukraine, UK, and Uruguay (1 each).

During the last decade enormous progress has been achieved in the field of computational fluid dynamics. This became possible by the development of robust and high-order accurate numerical algorithms as well as the construc­ tion of enhanced computer hardware, e. g. , parallel and vector architectures, workstation clusters. All these improvements allow the numerical simulation of real world problems arising for instance in automotive and aviation indus­ try. Nowadays numerical simulations may be considered as an indispensable tool in the design of engineering devices complementing or avoiding expen­ sive experiments. In order to obtain qualitatively as well as quantitatively reliable results the complexity of the applications continuously increases due to the demand of resolving more details of the real world configuration as well as taking better physical models into account, e. g. , turbulence, real gas or aeroelasticity. Although the speed and memory of computer hardware are currently doubled approximately every 18 months according to Moore's law, this will not be sufficient to cope with the increasing complexity required by uniform discretizations. The future task will be to optimize the utilization of the available re­ sources. Therefore new numerical algorithms have to be developed with a computational complexity that can be termed nearly optimal in the sense that storage and computational expense remain proportional to the "inher­ ent complexity" (a term that will be made clearer later) problem. This leads to adaptive concepts which correspond in a natural way to unstructured grids.

In summary, Bayesian methods are already seen by many as an essential tool to aid in formal chronology building in archaeology. At present, most researchers use packages like OxGal and BGal to make use of such tools and typically see them as radiocarbon calibration tools (indeed both are described as such on their own WWW welcome pages). On reflection, however, I think that it is clear that these packages offer more than just calibration, they are modest Bayesian chronological data interpretation environments. Given this observation, and the fact that the current tools are built on a sound foundation offlexible and scalable theory,I think that we are in a good position to move towards fully integrated tools for Bayesian chronology building. All of the current and planned research projects outlined above will contribute to the extension of the framework in one way or another. Since such work is motivated by a desire to provide practical solutions to real, current and pressing issues associated with chronology building, I feel sure that we can look forward to many more years of fast moving, productive and practical research in Bayesian chronology building. References Ammerman, A. J. and Cavalli-Sforza, 1. L. (1971). Measurement of the rate of spread of early farming in Europe. Man , 6, 674-688. Ammerman, A. J. and Cavalli-Sforza, 1. L. (1984). The Neolithic transition and the genetics of populations in Europe. Princeton University Press, Princeton. Anderson, A. , Allingham, B. and Smith, I. (1996a).

Intrusion Detection In Distributed Systems: An Abstraction-Based Approach presents research contributions in three areas with respect to intrusion detection in distributed systems. The first contribution is an abstraction-based approach to addressing heterogeneity and autonomy of distributed environments. The second contribution is a formal framework for modeling requests among cooperative IDSs and its application to Common Intrusion Detection Framework (CIDF). The third contribution is a novel approach to coordinating different IDSs for distributed event correlation.

The Curves The Point of View of Max Noether Probably the oldest references to the problem of resolution of singularities are found in Max Noether's works on plane curves [cf. [148], [149]]. And probably the origin of the problem was to have a formula to compute the genus of a plane curve. The genus is the most useful birational invariant of a curve in classical projective geometry. It was long known that, for a plane curve of degree n having l m ordinary singular points with respective multiplicities ri, i E {1, . . . , m}, the genus p of the curve is given by the formula = (n - l)(n - 2) _ ~ "r. (r. _ 1) P 2 2 L. . ,. •• . Of course, the problem now arises: how to compute the genus of a plane curve having some non-ordinary singularities. This leads to the natural question: can we birationally transform any (singular) plane curve into another one having only ordinary singularities? The answer is positive. Let us give a flavor (without proofs) 2 on how Noether did it • To solve the problem, it is enough to consider a special kind of Cremona trans­ formations, namely quadratic transformations of the projective plane. Let ~ be a linear system of conics with three non-collinear base points r = {Ao, AI, A }, 2 and take a projective frame of the type {Ao, AI, A ; U}.

An outgrowth of an ongoing workshop on stochastic analysis held in Lisbon. The nine survey articles in the volume extend concepts from classical probability and stochastic processes to a number of areas of mathematical physics. Will serve as a good reference text for researchers and advanced students in the fields of probability, stochastic processes, analysis, geometry, mathematical physics, and physics.

Welcome to PRINTWORKS, where every detail tells a story. Our Be My Guest Book in Rust and Pink is more than just a keepsake—it’s a timeless treasure designed to capture the heartfelt messages and joyful moments from your most memorable celebrations. Crafted with elegance and durability in mind, this guest book features 100 premium, acid-free pages, offering ample space for friends and family to share their warmest wishes. Imagine flipping through its beautifully designed pages years from now, reliving the laughter, love, and special connections from your event. The rich rust-colored slipcase not only protects the delicate pink interior but also adds a touch of sophistication to your home decor. Display it proudly on your coffee table or bookshelf, where it serves as both a conversation starter and a cherished reminder of life’s meaningful milestones. At PRINTWORKS, we believe in creating products that blend artistry with purpose. This guest book is thoughtfully made to stand the test of time, so your memories remain vivid and accessible. Whether it’s a wedding, anniversary, or milestone birthday, the Be My Guest Book turns fleeting moments into lasting legacies. Explore more beautifully crafted items at printworksmarket.us and discover how our designs can help you celebrate, remember, and inspire.

Water scarcity is not exclusively a concern of the poor. Developed countries are increasingly facing problems related to higher per capita consumption and pollution so that enhancing the efficiency of the water supply ranks among the main global challenges of the future. The necessary improvements are not only a matter of technical progress but also of institutional design. Using tools of modern industrial economics, Urs Meister examines the effects of privatisation and competition in the piped water industry. Considering the two main approaches for competition in an industry with natural monopoly character, common carriage (interconnection) and franchise bidding (auctions), he analyses costs, retail prices and investment. Such analysis shows that competition may be a valuable opportunity to improve the efficiency of water supply.

Welcome to PRINTWORKS, where every detail tells a story. Our "Be My Guest" Guest Book in Beige and Yellow is more than just a keepsake—it’s a timeless treasure designed to capture the heartfelt messages and joyful moments from your most memorable celebrations. Crafted with elegance and durability in mind, this guest book features 100 high-quality, acid-free pages, offering ample space for guests to share their well wishes and personal notes. The sophisticated beige slipcase not only protects the vibrant yellow interior but also adds a touch of refined style to your home decor. Imagine placing this beautiful book on your coffee table or bookshelf—it becomes an instant conversation starter and a daily reminder of love, laughter, and connection. Whether it’s a wedding, anniversary, or milestone event, this guest book transforms into a cherished keepsake you’ll revisit for years to come. At PRINTWORKS, we believe in creating products that blend functionality with beauty. The "Be My Guest" Guest Book does exactly that, helping you preserve precious memories while enhancing your living space. Visit printworksmarket.us today to explore our collection and find the perfect piece to celebrate life’s special moments. Your story deserves to be remembered in style.

Recently, temporal and modal logic, process calculus, and model checking have become essential software techniques for the formal verification of systems. With a clarity of presentation and its many illuminating examples, this book makes this technical material easy to grasp. It is perfectly suited for an advanced undergraduate or graduate class in formal verification and will serve as a valuable resource to practitioners of formal methods in all areas of computer science and software programming.

Foresight has experienced a great upswing in the last few years, partly in view of the Millenium. Innovations for our Future describes not only the big development trends of the future in research and technology, but also the re-discovery of the Delphi method. The Delphi method is not new, but with further developed methodology it is being used increasingly to take stock of innovative future developments. The book describes results of the widespread national survey of 1998, a German-Japanese comparison, another comparison with the preceding Delphi study as well as its utilization and implementation.

The aim of this book is twofold: (i) to give an exposition of the basic theory of finite-dimensional algebras at a levelthat isappropriate for senior undergraduate and first-year graduate students, and (ii) to provide the mathematical foundation needed to prepare the reader for the advanced study of anyone of several fields of mathematics. The subject under study is by no means new-indeed it is classical­ yet a book that offers a straightforward and concrete treatment of this theory seems justified for several reasons. First, algebras and linear trans­ formations in one guise or another are standard features of various parts of modern mathematics. These include well-entrenched fields such as repre­ sentation theory, as well as newer ones such as quantum groups. Second, a study ofthe elementary theory offinite-dimensional algebras is particularly useful in motivating and casting light upon more sophisticated topics such as module theory and operator algebras. Indeed, the reader who acquires a good understanding of the basic theory of algebras is wellpositioned to ap­ preciate results in operator algebras, representation theory, and ring theory. In return for their efforts, readers are rewarded by the results themselves, several of which are fundamental theorems of striking elegance.

Financial Cryptography 2000 marked the fourth time the technical, business, legal, and political communities from around the world joined together on the smallislandofAnguilla,BritishWestIndiestodiscussanddiscovernewadvances in securing electronic ?nancial transactions. The conference, sponsored by the International Financial Cryptography Association, was held on February 20– 24, 2000. The General Chair, Don Beaver, oversaw the local organization and registration. The program committee considered 68 submissions of which 21 papers were accepted. Each submitted paper was reviewed by a minimum of three referees. These proceedings contain revised versions of the 21 accepted papers. Revisions were not checked and the authors bear full responsibility for the content of their papers. This year’s program also included two invited lectures, two panel sessions, and a rump session. The invited talks were given by Kevin McCurley prese- ing “In the Search of the Killer App” and Pam Samuelson presenting “Towards a More Sensible Way of Regulating the Circumvention of Technical Protection Systems”. For the panel sessions, Barbara Fox and Brian LaMacchia mod- ated “Public-Key Infrastructure: PKIX, Signed XML, or Something Else” and Moti Yung moderated “Payment Systems: The Next Generation”. Stuart Haber organized the informal rump session of short presentations. This was the ?rst year that the conference accepted submissions electro- cally as well as by postal mail. Many thanks to George Davida, the electronic submissions chair, for maintaining the electronic submissions server. A majority of the authors preferred electronic submissions with 65 of the 68 submissions provided electronically.

The 2001 International Workshop on Quality of future Internet Services (QofIS 2001) held in Coimbra, Portugal, organized by COST Action 263, is the second of what we expect will become a series of successful QofIS workshops. The previous workshop was held in Berlin in the year 2000. The areas of interest of QofIS cover the design, implementation and provision of Quality of Service, spanning key issues of current and emerging communication systems such as packet-level issues, flow-level issues, network-level issues, architectural issues, and applications. The emphasis of the QofIS2001 w orkshop is on horizontal (end-to-end) as well as vertical (top-down) provision of quality of services, covering all components of end systems and networks, with the aim of identifying solutions enabling feasible and coherent QoS provision. The QofIS2001 cal l for papers attracted 87 submissions from 23 Asian, Australian, European, North American, and South American countries. These were subject to thorough review work by the Programme Committee members and additional reviewers who carried out their work using a specially built conference system, WebChairing, developed in Coimbra by Flor de Utopia, that allowed full control of the submission and reviewing processes. Based on the comments and recommendations of the reviews, the final programme was defined in a Programme th Committee meeting held at the University of Karlsruhe on June 5 , 2001.

Fuzzy Logic in Management demonstrates that difficult problems and changes in the management environment can be more easily handled by bringing fuzzy logic into the practice of management. This explicit theme is developed through the book as follows: Chapter 1, "Management and Intelligent Support Technologies", is a short survey of management leadership and what can be gained from support technologies. Chapter 2, "Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic", provides a short introduction to fuzzy sets, fuzzy relations, the extension principle, fuzzy implications and linguistic variables. Chapter 3, "Group Decision Support Systems", deals with group decision making, and discusses methods for supporting the consensus reaching processes. Chapter 4, "Fuzzy Real Options for Strategic Planning", summarizes research where the fuzzy real options theory was implemented as a series of models. These models were thoroughly tested on a number of real life investments, and validated in 2001. Chapter 5, "Soft Computing Methods for Reducing the Bullwhip Effect", summarizes research work focused on the demand fluctuations in supply chains. The program enhanced existing theoretical frameworks with fuzzy logic modeling. Chapter 6, "Knowledge Management", outlines the collection, storing, transfer and management of knowledge using fuzzy logic. The principles are worked out in detail with software agents. Chapter 7, "Mobile Technology Application", introduces various applications including empirical facts and how mobile technology can be supported with software agents. Implicitly the book develops themes that successful companies should use to (1) master effectiveness and quality in both the details and the whole, (2) build on and work with flexibility, and (3) support continuous learning in both the organizational and the individual level.

The ?rst international conference on Functional Imaging and Modeling of the 1 Heart (FIMH) was held in Helsinki, Finland, in November 2001, thanks to the strongscienti?ccollaborationbetweenFranceandFinland. Thiseventwasa?rst attempt to federate the heart imaging community and to encourage collabo- tion between scientists in signal and image processing, applied mathematics and physics, biomedical engineering and computer science, and experts in card- logy, radiology, biology, and physiology, in Europe and beyond. The conference has encountered considerable success. The outstanding research works pres- ted have demonstrated a very active research ?eld with complex modeling and image analysis problems to be solved. One of the outcomes was the special issue of the Medical Image Analysis journal based on a selection of the conference’s best papers, to appear in the second half of 2003. The FIMH 2001 meeting was the starting point of a discussion for federating the European research e?ort in cardiac imaging, heart modeling, and cardiac image analysis. It was very successful, and a large coalition was created around 2 the e-Heart proposal for a Network of Excellence in the European Sixth Fra- work Program. The e-Heart network has already gathered about 200 researchers from 100 institutes. A project proposal has been submitted to the European Union. It was decided in the ?rst meeting to organize a regular biennial conference.

Interpretations of the past are under constant critical scrutiny in archaeology. In recent decades, theoretical views have profoundly changed the conceptions of both "the past" and archaeologists' relationship to this object of study. However, our basic excavation and analytical methods have undergone little critical re-evaluation. Often archaeological discussions begin as if "data" were already established, independent of the research designs and analytical choices that produce them. Interpretation often ends at the lectern, but it has many beginnings within the traditional archaeological process. Exploring how data is generated and interpreted by historical archaeologists, it is at the intersection of "dirt and discussion". The cases presented in this volume revisit old methods and previous scholarly approaches with new perspectives, along with incorporating the newest technologies available to understanding the past. Rethinking the classics and engaging with new modes of data creation also generate fresh theoretical approaches. Using their own work as examples, the contributors explore the connections between methodology and interpretation. Between Dirt and Discussion advocates recentering the materials that make archaeology archaeology, in the hopes of reinvigorating dialogues about the historic past, and archaeological contributions to its understanding.

Traditions of the 150-year-old St. Petersburg School of Probability and Statis­ tics had been developed by many prominent scientists including P. L. Cheby­ chev, A. M. Lyapunov, A. A. Markov, S. N. Bernstein, and Yu. V. Linnik. In 1948, the Chair of Probability and Statistics was established at the Department of Mathematics and Mechanics of the St. Petersburg State University with Yu. V. Linik being its founder and also the first Chair. Nowadays, alumni of this Chair are spread around Russia, Lithuania, France, Germany, Sweden, China, the United States, and Canada. The fiftieth anniversary of this Chair was celebrated by an International Conference, which was held in St. Petersburg from June 24-28, 1998. More than 125 probabilists and statisticians from 18 countries (Azerbaijan, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Lithuania, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and the United States) participated in this International Conference in order to discuss the current state and perspectives of Probability and Mathematical Statistics. The conference was organized jointly by St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg branch of Mathematical Institute, and the Euler Institute, and was partially sponsored by the Russian Foundation of Basic Researches. The main theme of the Conference was chosen in the tradition of the St.

In this book the basic principles of continuum mechanics and thermodynam­ ics are treated in the tradition of the rational framework established in the 1960s, typically in the fundamental memoir "The Non-Linear Field Theories of Mechanics" by Truesdell and Noll. The theoretical aspect of constitutive theories for materials in general has been carefully developed in mathemati­ cal clarity - from general kinematics, balance equations, material objectivity, and isotropic representations to the framework of rational thermodynamics based on the entropy principle. However, I make no claim that the subjects are covered completely, nor does this book cover solutions and examples that can usually be found in textbooks of fluid mechanics and linear elasticity. However, some of the interesting examples of finite deformations in elastic materials, such as biaxial stretching of an elastic membrane and inflation of a rubber balloon, are discussed. In the last two chapters of the book, some recent developments in ther­ modynamic theories are considered. Specifically, they emphasize the use of Lagrange multipliers, which enables the exploitation of the entropy principle in a systematic manner for constitutive equations, and introduce some basic notions of extended thermodynamics. Although extended thermodynamics is closely related to the kinetic theory of ideal gases, very limited knowledge of kinetic theory is needed.

Overtone Singing is the most comprehensive book ever written on the hidden harmonies of the human voice. Ethnomusicologist and vocalist Mark van Tongeren offers fascinating insights into the timeless and universal aspects of sound and vibration. Grounded in the author's decade-long study of Asian music, the book draws upon field work, interviews with Eastern and Western musicians, and copious scholarship to present a multidisciplinary vision of sound that runs from global music to the science of acoustics and perception, onward to the philosophical and spiritual dimensions of music. Written in a nontechnical style, this generously illustrated book is an indispensable guide for musicians, listeners, and performers seeking a deeper understanding of the nature of the human voice and its harmonic possibilities from East to West.

This contributed volume presents an overview of concepts, methods, and applications used in several quantitative areas of drug research, development, and marketing. Chapters bring together the theories and applications of various disciplines, allowing readers to learn more about quantitative fields, and to better recognize the differences between them. Because it provides a thorough overview, this will serve as a self-contained resource for readers interested in the pharmaceutical industry, and the quantitative methods that serve as its foundation. Specific disciplines covered include: Biostatistics Pharmacometrics Genomics Bioinformatics Pharmacoepidemiology Commercial analytics Operational analytics Quantitative Methods in Pharmaceutical Research and Development is ideal for undergraduate students interested in learning about real-world applications of quantitative methods, and the potential career options open to them. It will also be of interest to experts working in these areas.